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December 31, 2024

Defending AITM Phishing and Mamba Attacks

Analyze the challenges posed by AITM phishing threats and Mamba 2FA, and discover how to safeguard your systems effectively.
Inside the SOC
Darktrace cyber analysts are world-class experts in threat intelligence, threat hunting and incident response, and provide 24/7 SOC support to thousands of Darktrace customers around the globe. Inside the SOC is exclusively authored by these experts, providing analysis of cyber incidents and threat trends, based on real-world experience in the field.
Written by
Patrick Anjos
Senior Cyber Analyst
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31
Dec 2024

What are Adversary-in-the-Middle (AiTM) phishing kits?

Phishing-as-a-Service (PhaaS) platforms have significantly lowered the barriers to entry for cybercriminals, enabling a new wave of sophisticated phishing attacks. Among the most concerning developments in this landscape is the emergence of Adversary-in-the-Middle (AiTM) phishing kits, which enhance traditional phishing tactics by allowing attackers to intercept and manipulate communications in real-time. The PhaaS marketplace offers a wide variety of innovative capabilities, with basic services starting around USD 120 and more advanced services costing around USD 250 monthly [1].

These AiTM kits are designed to create convincing decoy pages that mimic legitimate login interfaces, often pre-filling user information to increase credibility. By acting as a man-in-the-middle, attackers can harvest sensitive data such as usernames, passwords, and even multi-factor authentication (MFA) tokens without raising immediate suspicion. This capability not only makes AiTM attacks more effective but also poses a significant challenge for cybersecurity defenses [2].

Mamba 2FA is one such example of a PhaaS strain with AiTM capabilities that has emerged as a significant threat to users of Microsoft 365 and other enterprise systems. Discovered in May 2024, Mamba 2FA employs advanced AiTM tactics to bypass MFA, making it particularly dangerous for organizations relying on these security measures.

What is Mamba 2FA?

Phishing Mechanism

Mamba 2FA employs highly convincing phishing pages that closely mimic legitimate Microsoft services like OneDrive and SharePoint. These phishing URLs are crafted with a specific structure, incorporating Base64-encoded parameters. This technique allows attackers to tailor the phishing experience to the targeted organization, making the deception more effective. If an invalid parameter is detected, users are redirected to a benign error page, which helps evade automated detection systems [5].

Figure 1: Phishing page mimicking the Microsoft OneDrive service.

Real-Time Communication

A standout feature of Mamba 2FA is its use of the Socket.IO JavaScript library. This library facilitates real-time communication between the phishing page and the attackers' backend servers. As users input sensitive information, such as usernames, passwords, and MFA tokens on the phishing site, this data is immediately relayed to the attackers, enabling swift unauthorized access [5].

Multi-Factor Authentication Bypass

Mamba 2FA specifically targets MFA methods that are not resistant to phishing, such as one-time passwords (OTPs) and push notifications. When a user enters their MFA token, it is captured in real-time by the attackers, who can then use it to access the victim's account immediately. This capability significantly undermines traditional security measures that rely on MFA for account protection.

Infrastructure and Distribution

The platform's infrastructure consists of two main components: link domains and relay servers. Link domains handle initial phishing attempts, while relay servers are responsible for stealing credentials and completing login processes on behalf of the attacker. The relay servers are designed to mask their IP addresses by using proxy services, making it more difficult for security systems to block them [3].

Evasion Techniques

To evade detection by security tools, Mamba 2FA employs several strategies:

  • Sandbox Detection: The platform can detect if it is being analyzed in a sandbox environment and will redirect users to harmless pages like Google’s 404 error page.
  • Dynamic URL Generation: The URLs used in phishing attempts are frequently rotated and often short-lived to avoid being blacklisted by security solutions.
  • HTML Attachments: Phishing emails often include HTML attachments that appear benign but contain hidden JavaScript that redirects users to the phishing page [5].

Darktrace’s Coverage of Mamba 2FA

Starting in July 2024, the Darktrace Threat Research team detected a sudden rise in Microsoft 365 customer accounts logging in from unusual external sources. These accounts were accessed from an anomalous endpoint, 2607:5500:3000:fea[::]2, and exhibited unusual behaviors upon logging into Software-as-a-Service (SaaS) accounts. This activity strongly correlates with a phishing campaign using Mamba 2FA, first documented in late June 2024 and tracked as Mamba 2FA by Sekoia [2][3].

Darktrace / IDENTITY  was able to identify the initial stages of the Mamba 2FA campaign by correlating subtle anomalies, such as unusual SaaS login locations. Using AI based on peer group analysis, it detected unusual behavior associated with these attacks. By leveraging Autonomous Response actions, Darktrace was able to neutralize these threats in every instance of the campaign detected.

On July 23, a SaaS user was observed logging in from a rare ASN and IP address, 2607:5500:3000:fea::2, originating from the US and successfully passed through MFA authentication.

Figure 2: Model Alert Event Log showing Darktrace’s detection of a SaaS user mailbox logging in from an unusual source it correlates with Mamba 2FA relay server.

Almost an hour later, the SaaS user was observed logging in from another suspicious IP address, 45.133.172[.]86, linked to ASN AS174 COGENT-174. This IP, originating from the UK, successfully passed through MFA validation.

Following this unusual access, the SaaS user was notably observed reading emails and files that could contain sensitive payment and contract information. This behavior suggests that the attacker may have been leveraging contextual information about the target to craft further malicious phishing emails or fraudulent invoices. Subsequently, the user was detected creating a new mailbox rule titled 'fdsdf'. This rule was configured to redirect emails from a specific domain to the 'Deleted Items' folder and automatically mark them as read.

Implications of Unusual Email Rules

Such unusual email rule configurations are a common tactic employed by attackers. They often use these rules to automatically forward emails containing sensitive keywords—such as "invoice”, "payment", or "confidential"—to an external address. Additionally, these rules help conceal malicious activities, keeping them hidden from the target and allowing the attacker to operate undetected.

Figure 3: The model alert “SaaS / Compliance / Anomalous New Email Rule,” pertaining to the unusual email rule created by the SaaS user named ‘fdsdf’.

Blocking the action

A few minutes later, the SaaS user from the unusual IP address 45.133.172[.]86 was observed attempting to send an email with the subject “RE: Payments.” Subsequently, Darktrace detected the user engaging in activities that could potentially establish persistence in the compromised account, such as registering a new authenticator app. Recognizing this sequence of anomalous behaviors, Darktrace implemented an Autonomous Response inhibitor, disabling the SaaS user for two hours. This action effectively contained potential malicious activities, such as the distribution of phishing emails and fraudulent invoices, and gave the customer’s security team the necessary time to conduct a thorough investigation and implement appropriate security measures.

Figure 4: Device Event Log displaying Darktrace’s Autonomous Response taking action by blocking the SaaS account.
Figure 5: Darktrace / IDENTITY highlighting the 16 model alerts that triggered during the observed compromise.

In another example from mid-July, similar activities related to the campaign were observed on another customer network. A SaaS user was initially detected logging in from the unusual external endpoint 2607:5500:3000:fea[::]2.

Figure 6: The SaaS / Compromise / SaaS Anomaly Following Anomalous Login model alert was triggered by an unusual login from a suspicious IP address linked to Mamba 2FA.

A few minutes later, in the same manner as demonstrated in the previous case, the actor was observed logging in from another rare endpoint, 102.68.111[.]240. However, this time it was from a source IP located in Lagos, Nigeria, which no other user on the network had been observed connecting from. Once logged in, the SaaS user updated the settings to "User registered Authenticator App with Notification and Code," a possible attempt to maintain persistence in the SaaS account.

Figure 7: Darktrace / IDENTITY highlighted the regular locations for the SaaS user. The rarity scores associated with the Mamba 2FA IP location and another IP located in Nigeria were classified as having very low regularity scores for this user.

Based on unusual patterns of user behavior, a Cyber AI Analyst Incident was also generated, detailing all potential account hijacking activities. Darktrace also applied an Autonomous Response action, disabling the user for over five hours. This swift action was crucial in preventing further unauthorized access, potential data breaches and further implications.

Figure 8: Cyber AI Analyst Incident detailing the unusual activities related to the SaaS account hijacking.

Since the customer had subscribed to Darktrace Security Operations Centre (SOC) services, Darktrace analysts conducted an additional human investigation confirming the account compromise.

How Darktrace Combats Phishing Threats

The initial entry point for Mamba 2FA account compromises primarily involves phishing campaigns using HTML attachments and deceptive links. These phishing attempts are designed to mimic legitimate Microsoft services, such as OneDrive and SharePoint, making them appear authentic to unsuspecting users. Darktrace / EMAIL leverages multiple capabilities to analyze email content for known indicators of phishing. This includes looking for suspicious URLs, unusual attachments (like HTML files with embedded JavaScript), and signs of social engineering tactics commonly used in phishing campaigns like Mamba 2FA. With these capabilities, Darktrace successfully detected Mamba 2FA phishing emails in networks where this tool is integrated into the security layers, consequently preventing further implications and account hijacks of their users.

Mamba 2FA URL Structure and Domain Names

The URL structure used in Mamba 2FA phishing attempts is specifically designed to facilitate the capture of user credentials and MFA tokens while evading detection. These phishing URLs typically follow a pattern that incorporates Base64-encoded parameters, which play a crucial role in the operation of the phishing kit.

The URLs associated with Mamba 2FA phishing pages generally follow this structure [6]:

https://{domain}/{m,n,o}/?{Base64 string}

Below are some potential Mamba 2FA phishing emails, with the Base64 strings already decoded, that were classified as certain threats by Darktrace / EMAIL. This classification was based on identifying multiple suspicious characteristics, such as HTML attachments containing JavaScript code, emails from senders with no previous association with the recipients, analysis of redirect links, among others. These emails were autonomously blocked from being delivered to users' inboxes.

Figure 9: Darktrace / EMAIL highlighted a possible phishing email from Mamba 2FA, which was classified as a 100% anomaly.
Figure 10: Darktrace / EMAIL highlighted a URL that resembles the characteristics associated with Mamba 2FA.

Conclusion

The rise of PhaaS platforms and the advent of AiTM phishing kits represent a concerning evolution in cyber threats, pushing the boundaries of traditional phishing tactics and exposing significant vulnerabilities in current cybersecurity defenses. The ability of these attacks to effortlessly bypass traditional security measures like MFA underscores the need for more sophisticated, adaptive strategies to combat these evolving threats.

By identifying and responding to anomalous activities within Microsoft 365 accounts, Darktrace not only highlights the importance of comprehensive monitoring but also sets a new standard for proactive threat detection. Furthermore, the autonomous threat response capabilities and the exceptional proficiency of Darktrace / EMAIL in intercepting and neutralizing sophisticated phishing attacks illustrate a robust defense mechanism that can effectively safeguard users and maintain the integrity of digital ecosystems.

Credit to Patrick Anjos (Senior Cyber Analyst) and Nahisha Nobregas (Senior Cyber Analyst)

Get the latest insights on emerging cyber threats

Attackers are adapting, are you ready? This report explores the latest trends shaping the cybersecurity landscape and what defenders need to know in 2025.

  • Identity-based attacks: How attackers are bypassing traditional defenses
  • Zero-day exploitation: The rise of previously unknown vulnerabilities
  • AI-driven threats: How adversaries are leveraging AI to outmaneuver security controls

Stay ahead of evolving threats with expert analysis from Darktrace. Download the report here.

Appendices

Darktrace Model Detections

  • SaaS / Access / M365 High Risk Level Login
  • SaaS / Access / Unusual External Source for SaaS Credential Use
  • SaaS / Compromise / Login From Rare Endpoint While User Is Active
  • SaaS / Compliance / M365 Security Information Modified
  • SaaS / Compromise / Unusual Login and New Email Rule
  • SaaS / Email Nexus / Suspicious Internal Exchange Activity
  • SaaS / Compliance / Anomalous New Email Rule
  • SaaS / Email Nexus / Possible Outbound Email Spam
  • SaaS / Compromise / Unusual Login and Account Update
  • SaaS / Compromise / SaaS Anomaly Following Anomalous Login
  • SaaS / Compliance / M365 Security Information Modified
  • SaaS / Compromise / Login From Rare Endpoint While User Is Active
  • SaaS / Compromise / Unusual Login, Sent Mail, Deleted Sent
  • SaaS / Unusual Activity / Multiple Unusual SaaS Activities
  • SaaS / Email Nexus / Unusual Login Location Following Link to File Storage
  • SaaS / Unusual Activity / Multiple Unusual External Sources For SaaS Credential
  • IaaS / Compliance / Uncommon Azure External User Invite
  • SaaS / Compliance / M365 External User Added to Group
  • SaaS / Access / M365 High Risk Level Login
  • SaaS / Compliance / M365 Security Information Modified
  • SaaS/ Unusual Activity / Unusual MFA Auth and SaaS Activity
  • SaaS / Compromise / Unusual Login and Account Update

Cyber AI Analyst Incidents:

  • Possible Hijack of Office365 Account
  • Possible Hijack of AzureActiveDirectory Account
  • Possible Unsecured Office365 Resource

List of Indicators of Compromise (IoCs)

IoC       Type    Description + Confidence

2607:5500:3000:fea[::]2 - IPv6 - Possible Mamba 2FA relay server

2607:5500:3000:1cab:[:]2 - IPv6 - Possible Mamba 2FA relay server

References

1.     https://securityaffairs.com/136953/cyber-crime/caffeine-phishing-platform.html

2.     https://any.run/cybersecurity-blog/analysis-of-the-phishing-campaign/

3.     https://www.bleepingcomputer.com/news/security/new-mamba-2fa-bypass-service-targets-microsoft-365-accounts/

4.     https://cyberinsider.com/microsoft-365-accounts-targeted-by-new-mamba-2fa-aitm-phishing-threat/

5.     https://blog.sekoia.io/mamba-2fa-a-new-contender-in-the-aitm-phishing-ecosystem/

MITRE ATT&CK Mapping

Tactic – Technique

DEFENSE EVASION, PERSISTENCE, PRIVILEGE ESCALATION, INITIAL ACCESS - Cloud Accounts

DISCOVERY - Cloud Service Dashboard

RESOURCE DEVELOPMENT - Compromise Accounts

CREDENTIAL ACCESS - Steal Web Session Cookie

PERSISTENCE - Account Manipulation

PERSISTENCE - Outlook Rules

RESOURCE DEVELOPMENT - Email Accounts

INITIAL ACCESS - Phishing

Inside the SOC
Darktrace cyber analysts are world-class experts in threat intelligence, threat hunting and incident response, and provide 24/7 SOC support to thousands of Darktrace customers around the globe. Inside the SOC is exclusively authored by these experts, providing analysis of cyber incidents and threat trends, based on real-world experience in the field.
Written by
Patrick Anjos
Senior Cyber Analyst

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December 4, 2025

How Darktrace is ending email security silos with new capabilities in cross-domain detection, DLP, and native Microsoft integrations

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A new era of reputation-aware, unified email security

Darktrace / EMAIL is redefining email defense with new innovations that close email security silos and empower SOC teams to stop multi-stage attacks – without disrupting business operations.  

By extending visibility across interconnected domains, Darktrace catches the 17% of threats that leading SEGs miss, including multi-stage attacks like email bombing and cloud platform abuse. Its label-free behavioral DLP protects sensitive data without reliance on manual rules or classification, while DMARC strengthens brand trust and authenticity. With native integrations for Microsoft Defender and Security Copilot, SOC teams can now investigate and respond faster, reducing risk and maintaining operational continuity across the enterprise.

Summary of what’s new:

  • Cross-domain AI-native detection unifying email, identity, and SaaS
  • Label-free behavioral DLP for effortless data protection
  • Microsoft Defender and Security Copilot integrations for streamlined investigation and response

Why email security must evolve

Today’s attacks don’t stop at the inbox. They move across domains – email to identity, SaaS, and network – exploiting the blind spots between disconnected tools. Yet most email security solutions still operate in isolation, unable to see or respond beyond the message itself.

In 2024, Darktrace detected over 30 million phishing attempts: 38% targeting high-value individuals and almost a third using novel social engineering, including AI-generated text. Generative AI is amplifying the realism and scale of social engineering, while customers face a wave of new techniques like email bombing, where attackers flood inboxes to distract or manipulate users, and polymorphic malware, which continuously evolves to evade static defenses.

Meanwhile, defenders are exposed to traditional DLP tools that create operational drag with high false positives and rigid policies. Accidental insider breachers remain a major risk to organizations: 6% of all data breaches are caused by misdelivery, and 95% of those incidents involve personal data.

Tool sprawl compounds the issue. The average enterprise manages around 75 security products, and 69% report operational strain as a result. This complexity is counterproductive – and with legacy SEGs failing to adapt to detect threats that exploit human behavior, analysts are left juggling an unwieldy patchwork of fragmented defenses.

The bottom line? Siloed email defenses can’t keep pace with today’s AI-driven, cross domain attacks.

Beyond detection: AI built for modern threats

Darktrace / EMAIL is uniquely designed to catch the threats SEGs miss, powered by Self-Learning AI. It learns the communication patterns of every user – correlating behavioral signals from email, identity, and SaaS – to identify the subtle, context-driven deviations that define advanced social engineering and supply chain attacks.

Unlike tools that rely on static rules or historical attack data, Darktrace’s AI assumes a zero trust posture, treating every interaction as a potential risk. It detects novel threats in real time, including those that exploit trusted relationships or mimic legitimate business processes. And because Darktrace’s technology is natively unified, it delivers precise, coordinated responses that neutralize threats in real time.

Powerful innovations to Darktrace / EMAIL

Improved, multi-domain threat detection and response

With this update, Darktrace reveals multi-domain detection linking behavioral signals across email, identity, and SaaS to uncover advanced attacks. Darktrace leverages its existing agentic platform to understand behavioral deviations in any communication channel and take precise actions regardless of the domain.  

This innovation enables customers to:

  • Correlate behavioral signals across domains to expose cross-channel threats and enable coordinated response
  • Link email and identity intelligence to neutralize multi-stage attacks, including advanced email bombing campaigns

Detection accuracy is further strengthened through layering with traditional threat intelligence:

  • Integrated antivirus verdicts improve detection efficacy by adding traditional file scanning
  • Structured threat intelligence (STIX/TAXII) enriches alerts with global context for faster triage and prioritization

Expanded ecosystem visibility also includes:

  • Salesforce integration, enabling automatic action on potentially malicious tickets auto-created from emails – accelerating threat response and reducing manual burden

Advancements in label-free DLP

Darktrace is delivering the industry’s first label-free data loss prevention (DLP) solution powered by a proprietary domain specific language model (DSLM).  

This update expands DLP to protect against both secrets and personally identifiable information (PII), safeguarding sensitive data without relying on status rules or manual classification. The DSLM is tuned for email/DLP semantics so it understands entities, PII patterns, and message context quickly enough to enforce at send time.

Key enhancements include:

  • Behaviorally enhanced PII detection that automatically defines over 35+ new categories, including personal, financial, and health data  
  • Added detail to DLP alerts in the UI, showing exactly how and when DLP policies were applied
  • Enhanced Cyber AI Analyst narratives to explain detection logic, making it easier to investigate and escalate incidents

And for further confidence in outbound mail, discover new updates to DMARC, with support for BIMI logo verification, automatic detection of both MTA-STS and TLS records, and data exports for deeper analysis and reporting. Accessible for all organizations, available now on the Azure marketplace.

Streamlined SOC workflows, with Microsoft-native integrations

This update introduces new integrations that simplify SOC operations, unify visibility, and accelerate response. By embedding directly into the Microsoft ecosystem – with Defender and Security Copilot – analysts gain instant access to correlated insights without switching consoles.

New innovations include:

  • Unified quarantine management with Microsoft Defender, centralizing containment within the native Microsoft interface and eliminating console hopping
  • Ability to surface threat insights directly in Copilot via the Darktrace Email Analysis Agent, eliminating data hunting and simplifying investigations
  • Automatic ticket creation in JIRA when users report suspicious messages
  • Sandbox analysis integration, enabling payload inspection in isolated environments directly from the Darktrace UI

Committed to innovation

These updates are part of the broader Darktrace release, which also included:

  1. Major innovations in cloud security with the launch of the industry’s first fully automated cloud forensics solution, reinforcing Darktrace’s leadership in AI-native security.
  2. Redefining NDR with industry-first autonomous threat investigation from network to endpoint  
  3. Innovations to our suite of Exposure Management & Attack Surface Management tools

As attackers exploit gaps between tools, the Darktrace ActiveAI Security Platform delivers unified detection, automated investigation, and autonomous response across cloud, endpoint, email, network, and OT. With full-stack visibility and AI-native workflows, Darktrace empowers security teams to detect, understand, and stop novel threats before they escalate.

Join our Live Launch Event

When? December 9, 2025

What will be covered? Join our live broadcast to experience how Darktrace is eliminating blind spots for detection and response across your complete enterprise with new innovations in Agentic AI across our ActiveAI Security platform. Industry leaders from IDC will join Darktrace customers to discuss challenges in cross-domain security, with a live walkthrough reshaping the future of Network Detection & Response, Endpoint Detection & Response, Email Security, and SecOps in novel threat detection and autonomous investigations.

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About the author
Carlos Gray
Senior Product Marketing Manager, Email

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December 4, 2025

The 17% of email threats SEGs miss – and how Darktrace catches them

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17%: The figure that changes your risk math

Most organizations deploy a Secure Email Gateway (SEG) assuming it will catch whatever their native email security provider would not be able to. But the data tells a different story. Nearly one in six of the riskiest inbound emails still evade the native + SEG layers on the first pass – 17% is the average SEG miss rate after Microsoft filtering.  

How did we calculate the miss rate? The figure comes from a volume-weighted analysis of real-world enterprise deployments where Darktrace operated alongside a SEG, compared to deployments without a SEG. It’s based on how each security layer treated malicious emails on the first instance – if the SEG missed the email at the initial filtering but caught it minutes or hours later we considered it a miss, because the threat had already been exposed to the user. We computed the mean per category miss count across the top three widely deployed SEGs and divided that by the total number of threats that had already bypassed native filters. The resulting rate is 17.8%, conservatively communicated as “about 17%.”

This result is a powerful directional signal – not a guarantee for every environment – but significant enough to merit a closer look.

What SEGs miss most (and why it matters)

Our analysis shows that SEGs most frequently miss context-driven, low-signal attacks.

Darktrace catches more threats than SEGs across a range of attack vectors

These are the kinds of emails that look convincing to recipients and rely on business context, without overtly malicious indicators, including:

Solicitation and fraudulent requests (~21% miss rate)

Deceptive invoices, vendor “updates,” payment term changes, or urgent favors. These messages often lack obvious payloads and exploit business process mimicry, making them nearly indistinguishable from genuine correspondence in the eyes of static, rule-based filters dependent on payload analysis. 22% of breaches stemming from external actors were a result of social engineering in 2025 (Verizon 2025 Data Breach Investigations Report).

Phishing links (~20% miss rate)

Links to credential harvesters or later-weaponized sites using new or compromised domains, redirects, or shorteners. URL rotation and staging evade list-based controls; the linguistic and workflow context looks routine. This also includes threats that leverage legitimate cloud platforms to disguise their intent and avoid reputation analysis.  Phishing remains one of the most expensive cause of breaches, an average cost of $4.8 million (IBM Cost of a Data Breach Report 2025).

User impersonation (~19% miss rate)

Convincing messages that mimic executives, colleagues, or partners, often with subtle display-name or address manipulation. These attacks rely on social engineering and context, bypassing static detection and reputation checks.

Other notable misses: Credential harvesting lures and forged/abused sender addresses, both typically light on static indicators but heavy on contextual clues. 

Why SEGs miss these emails

Let’s look at some of the reasons SEGs fail to catch more advanced, context-driven attacks.

  1. Attack-centric bias. SEGs excel at recognizing known-bad indicators (spam, commodity malware). But today’s high-impact threats are supercharged by AI and can be hyper-customized with polymorphic malware or personalized social engineering. They mirror normal business communications and weaponize trust, not binary patterns.  
  2. Limited behavioral understanding. Without modeling each user’s “normal” pattern of life, subtle anomalies (timing, tone, counterpart, transaction patterns) can look benign, even if they should be flagged. Some modern solutions have begun to incorporate behavioral analysis into their products, but these are still supplements for additional information rather than integrated into the core threat detection engine.
  3. Assumed trust. Account compromise and attacks that abuse legitimate services exploit trust. SEGs weren’t designed to handle these kinds of threats, in fact, they assume trust in order to minimize false positives, leaving them wide open to attackers.  
  4. Siloed detection. Email rarely tells the whole story. Attacks pivot across email, identity, and SaaS; single-channel tools can’t connect those dots in real time. This issue is exacerbated when email security vendors are only focused on email activity, ignoring activity beyond the inbox like network or cloud account activity.
  5. Adaptive evasion. Fast domain churn, benign-looking links, and clean hosting on trusted platforms routinely outpace static rules and blocklists. No matter how great your threat intelligence or threat research teams may be, there is a reliance on a first victim – which leads to defenders remaining one step behind attackers. 

How Darktrace / EMAIL catches the threats SEGs miss

Everywhere a SEG falters, Darktrace excels. Let’s take a look why.

  • Self-Learning AI: Darktrace learns the unique communication patterns of every user, department, and supplier, flagging the subtle deviations that typify social engineering and impersonation. 
  • A zero trust approach: According to Gartner, many organizations fail to extend their zero-trust strategy to email, leaving a critical gap. Darktrace assumes no trust, applying the zero trust principle across all aspects of email communication.
  • Cross-domain context: Correlates behavior across email, identity, and SaaS, exposing multi-stage campaigns that a siloed SEG can’t piece together. 
  • Better together with native providers: Operates alongside your native email security – not against it – so protection is additive. Darktrace ingests native signals and orchestrate unified quarantine without duplicating policy stacks or forcing you to disable built-in protections. 

For example: one of our customers, a global enterprise saw a surge of “document-share” notifications from a trusted collaboration platform. The domain and authentication looked fine; their SEG allowed it. Darktrace / EMAIL flagged it because the supplier’s sharing behavior and permission scope deviated from normal (volume, recipients, and access level). Follow-up confirmed the supplier account was compromised. Behavioral context – not rules or signatures – made the difference. 

Three steps to building a modern email security stack

Let’s end with three strategic takeaways for ensuring your email security is fit-for-purpose.

  1. Defense-in-depth = diversity, not duplication

Why it matters: Two security layers with the same detection philosophy (e.g. SEG + native email security) create overlapping blind spots. Both native email security providers and SEGs are attack-centric solutions that rely on past threats and threat intelligence. True defense-in-depth ensures you are asking different questions of every email that comes through.

How to apply: Pair your native email security with behavioral AI that learns how your business communicates. Eliminate redundant layers that only add cost and latency. 

  1. Coordinate the layers you keep

Why it matters:  Layers that don’t talk create delays and hand-offs; SEGs often become sole decision-makers by forcing native protections off. 

How to apply:  Favor an ICES approach that ingests native signals and can orchestrate unified quarantine, so detections become actions in one motion. 

  1. Quantify your security gap with a POV

Why it matters:  Every environment is different. You need evidence before making changes to your stack.

How to apply:  Run Darktrace / EMAIL in observe mode next to your current stack to surface exactly what’s still getting through. Use those results to plan your transition and measure improvement. 

Ready to claim 17% more protection? Request a demo with Darktrace / EMAIL to quantify what your SEG is missing, then decide how much of that residual risk you’re willing to accept. We’ll help you plan a clean, staged transition that preserves native protections and streamlines operations.  In the meantime, calculate your potential ROI using Darktrace / EMAIL with our handy calculator.

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About the author
Carlos Gray
Senior Product Marketing Manager, Email
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