December 31, 2024

Defending AITM Phishing and Mamba Attacks

Analyze the challenges posed by AITM phishing threats and Mamba 2FA, and discover how to safeguard your systems effectively.

Written by

Patrick Anjos

Senior Cyber Analyst

Inside the SOC

Darktrace cyber analysts are world-class experts in threat intelligence, threat hunting and incident response, and provide 24/7 SOC support to thousands of Darktrace customers around the globe. Inside the SOC is exclusively authored by these experts, providing analysis of cyber incidents and threat trends, based on real-world experience in the field.

Written by

Patrick Anjos

Senior Cyber Analyst

Dec 2024

What are Adversary-in-the-Middle (AiTM) phishing kits?

Phishing-as-a-Service (PhaaS) platforms have significantly lowered the barriers to entry for cybercriminals, enabling a new wave of sophisticated phishing attacks. Among the most concerning developments in this landscape is the emergence of Adversary-in-the-Middle (AiTM) phishing kits, which enhance traditional phishing tactics by allowing attackers to intercept and manipulate communications in real-time. The PhaaS marketplace offers a wide variety of innovative capabilities, with basic services starting around USD 120 and more advanced services costing around USD 250 monthly [1].

These AiTM kits are designed to create convincing decoy pages that mimic legitimate login interfaces, often pre-filling user information to increase credibility. By acting as a man-in-the-middle, attackers can harvest sensitive data such as usernames, passwords, and even multi-factor authentication (MFA) tokens without raising immediate suspicion. This capability not only makes AiTM attacks more effective but also poses a significant challenge for cybersecurity defenses [2].

Mamba 2FA is one such example of a PhaaS strain with AiTM capabilities that has emerged as a significant threat to users of Microsoft 365 and other enterprise systems. Discovered in May 2024, Mamba 2FA employs advanced AiTM tactics to bypass MFA, making it particularly dangerous for organizations relying on these security measures.

What is Mamba 2FA?

Phishing Mechanism

Mamba 2FA employs highly convincing phishing pages that closely mimic legitimate Microsoft services like OneDrive and SharePoint. These phishing URLs are crafted with a specific structure, incorporating Base64-encoded parameters. This technique allows attackers to tailor the phishing experience to the targeted organization, making the deception more effective. If an invalid parameter is detected, users are redirected to a benign error page, which helps evade automated detection systems [5].

‍

Figure 1: Phishing page mimicking the Microsoft OneDrive service.

Real-Time Communication

A standout feature of Mamba 2FA is its use of the Socket.IO JavaScript library. This library facilitates real-time communication between the phishing page and the attackers' backend servers. As users input sensitive information, such as usernames, passwords, and MFA tokens on the phishing site, this data is immediately relayed to the attackers, enabling swift unauthorized access [5].

Multi-Factor Authentication Bypass

Mamba 2FA specifically targets MFA methods that are not resistant to phishing, such as one-time passwords (OTPs) and push notifications. When a user enters their MFA token, it is captured in real-time by the attackers, who can then use it to access the victim's account immediately. This capability significantly undermines traditional security measures that rely on MFA for account protection.

Infrastructure and Distribution

The platform's infrastructure consists of two main components: link domains and relay servers. Link domains handle initial phishing attempts, while relay servers are responsible for stealing credentials and completing login processes on behalf of the attacker. The relay servers are designed to mask their IP addresses by using proxy services, making it more difficult for security systems to block them [3].

Evasion Techniques

To evade detection by security tools, Mamba 2FA employs several strategies:

‍Sandbox Detection: The platform can detect if it is being analyzed in a sandbox environment and will redirect users to harmless pages like Google’s 404 error page.‍
Dynamic URL Generation: The URLs used in phishing attempts are frequently rotated and often short-lived to avoid being blacklisted by security solutions.‍
HTML Attachments: Phishing emails often include HTML attachments that appear benign but contain hidden JavaScript that redirects users to the phishing page [5].

Darktrace’s Coverage of Mamba 2FA

Starting in July 2024, the Darktrace Threat Research team detected a sudden rise in Microsoft 365 customer accounts logging in from unusual external sources. These accounts were accessed from an anomalous endpoint, 2607:5500:3000:fea[::]2, and exhibited unusual behaviors upon logging into Software-as-a-Service (SaaS) accounts. This activity strongly correlates with a phishing campaign using Mamba 2FA, first documented in late June 2024 and tracked as Mamba 2FA by Sekoia [2][3].

Darktrace / IDENTITY was able to identify the initial stages of the Mamba 2FA campaign by correlating subtle anomalies, such as unusual SaaS login locations. Using AI based on peer group analysis, it detected unusual behavior associated with these attacks. By leveraging Autonomous Response actions, Darktrace was able to neutralize these threats in every instance of the campaign detected.

On July 23, a SaaS user was observed logging in from a rare ASN and IP address, 2607:5500:3000:fea::2, originating from the US and successfully passed through MFA authentication.

Figure 2: Model Alert Event Log showing Darktrace’s detection of a SaaS user mailbox logging in from an unusual source it correlates with Mamba 2FA relay server.

Almost an hour later, the SaaS user was observed logging in from another suspicious IP address, 45.133.172[.]86, linked to ASN AS174 COGENT-174. This IP, originating from the UK, successfully passed through MFA validation.

Following this unusual access, the SaaS user was notably observed reading emails and files that could contain sensitive payment and contract information. This behavior suggests that the attacker may have been leveraging contextual information about the target to craft further malicious phishing emails or fraudulent invoices. Subsequently, the user was detected creating a new mailbox rule titled 'fdsdf'. This rule was configured to redirect emails from a specific domain to the 'Deleted Items' folder and automatically mark them as read.

Implications of Unusual Email Rules

Such unusual email rule configurations are a common tactic employed by attackers. They often use these rules to automatically forward emails containing sensitive keywords—such as "invoice”, "payment", or "confidential"—to an external address. Additionally, these rules help conceal malicious activities, keeping them hidden from the target and allowing the attacker to operate undetected.

Figure 3: The model alert “SaaS / Compliance / Anomalous New Email Rule,” pertaining to the unusual email rule created by the SaaS user named ‘fdsdf’.

Blocking the action

A few minutes later, the SaaS user from the unusual IP address 45.133.172[.]86 was observed attempting to send an email with the subject “RE: Payments.” Subsequently, Darktrace detected the user engaging in activities that could potentially establish persistence in the compromised account, such as registering a new authenticator app. Recognizing this sequence of anomalous behaviors, Darktrace implemented an Autonomous Response inhibitor, disabling the SaaS user for two hours. This action effectively contained potential malicious activities, such as the distribution of phishing emails and fraudulent invoices, and gave the customer’s security team the necessary time to conduct a thorough investigation and implement appropriate security measures.

Figure 4: Device Event Log displaying Darktrace’s Autonomous Response taking action by blocking the SaaS account.

Figure 5: Darktrace / IDENTITY highlighting the 16 model alerts that triggered during the observed compromise.

In another example from mid-July, similar activities related to the campaign were observed on another customer network. A SaaS user was initially detected logging in from the unusual external endpoint 2607:5500:3000:fea[::]2.

Figure 6: The SaaS / Compromise / SaaS Anomaly Following Anomalous Login model alert was triggered by an unusual login from a suspicious IP address linked to Mamba 2FA.

A few minutes later, in the same manner as demonstrated in the previous case, the actor was observed logging in from another rare endpoint, 102.68.111[.]240. However, this time it was from a source IP located in Lagos, Nigeria, which no other user on the network had been observed connecting from. Once logged in, the SaaS user updated the settings to "User registered Authenticator App with Notification and Code," a possible attempt to maintain persistence in the SaaS account.

Figure 7: Darktrace / IDENTITY highlighted the regular locations for the SaaS user. The rarity scores associated with the Mamba 2FA IP location and another IP located in Nigeria were classified as having very low regularity scores for this user.

Based on unusual patterns of user behavior, a Cyber AI Analyst Incident was also generated, detailing all potential account hijacking activities. Darktrace also applied an Autonomous Response action, disabling the user for over five hours. This swift action was crucial in preventing further unauthorized access, potential data breaches and further implications.

Figure 8: Cyber AI Analyst Incident detailing the unusual activities related to the SaaS account hijacking.

Since the customer had subscribed to Darktrace Security Operations Centre (SOC) services, Darktrace analysts conducted an additional human investigation confirming the account compromise.

How Darktrace Combats Phishing Threats

The initial entry point for Mamba 2FA account compromises primarily involves phishing campaigns using HTML attachments and deceptive links. These phishing attempts are designed to mimic legitimate Microsoft services, such as OneDrive and SharePoint, making them appear authentic to unsuspecting users. Darktrace / EMAIL leverages multiple capabilities to analyze email content for known indicators of phishing. This includes looking for suspicious URLs, unusual attachments (like HTML files with embedded JavaScript), and signs of social engineering tactics commonly used in phishing campaigns like Mamba 2FA. With these capabilities, Darktrace successfully detected Mamba 2FA phishing emails in networks where this tool is integrated into the security layers, consequently preventing further implications and account hijacks of their users.

Mamba 2FA URL Structure and Domain Names

The URL structure used in Mamba 2FA phishing attempts is specifically designed to facilitate the capture of user credentials and MFA tokens while evading detection. These phishing URLs typically follow a pattern that incorporates Base64-encoded parameters, which play a crucial role in the operation of the phishing kit.

The URLs associated with Mamba 2FA phishing pages generally follow this structure [6]:

https://{domain}/{m,n,o}/?{Base64 string}

Below are some potential Mamba 2FA phishing emails, with the Base64 strings already decoded, that were classified as certain threats by Darktrace / EMAIL. This classification was based on identifying multiple suspicious characteristics, such as HTML attachments containing JavaScript code, emails from senders with no previous association with the recipients, analysis of redirect links, among others. These emails were autonomously blocked from being delivered to users' inboxes.

Figure 9: Darktrace / EMAIL highlighted a possible phishing email from Mamba 2FA, which was classified as a 100% anomaly.

Figure 10: Darktrace / EMAIL highlighted a URL that resembles the characteristics associated with Mamba 2FA.

Conclusion

The rise of PhaaS platforms and the advent of AiTM phishing kits represent a concerning evolution in cyber threats, pushing the boundaries of traditional phishing tactics and exposing significant vulnerabilities in current cybersecurity defenses. The ability of these attacks to effortlessly bypass traditional security measures like MFA underscores the need for more sophisticated, adaptive strategies to combat these evolving threats.

By identifying and responding to anomalous activities within Microsoft 365 accounts, Darktrace not only highlights the importance of comprehensive monitoring but also sets a new standard for proactive threat detection. Furthermore, the autonomous threat response capabilities and the exceptional proficiency of Darktrace / EMAIL in intercepting and neutralizing sophisticated phishing attacks illustrate a robust defense mechanism that can effectively safeguard users and maintain the integrity of digital ecosystems.

Credit to Patrick Anjos (Senior Cyber Analyst) and Nahisha Nobregas (Senior Cyber Analyst)

Get the latest insights on emerging cyber threats

Attackers are adapting, are you ready? This report explores the latest trends shaping the cybersecurity landscape and what defenders need to know in 2025.

Identity-based attacks: How attackers are bypassing traditional defenses
Zero-day exploitation: The rise of previously unknown vulnerabilities
AI-driven threats: How adversaries are leveraging AI to outmaneuver security controls

Stay ahead of evolving threats with expert analysis from Darktrace. Download the report here.

Appendices

Darktrace Model Detections

SaaS / Access / M365 High Risk Level Login
SaaS / Access / Unusual External Source for SaaS Credential Use
SaaS / Compromise / Login From Rare Endpoint While User Is Active
SaaS / Compliance / M365 Security Information Modified
SaaS / Compromise / Unusual Login and New Email Rule
SaaS / Email Nexus / Suspicious Internal Exchange Activity
SaaS / Compliance / Anomalous New Email Rule
SaaS / Email Nexus / Possible Outbound Email Spam
SaaS / Compromise / Unusual Login and Account Update
SaaS / Compromise / SaaS Anomaly Following Anomalous Login
SaaS / Compliance / M365 Security Information Modified
SaaS / Compromise / Login From Rare Endpoint While User Is Active
SaaS / Compromise / Unusual Login, Sent Mail, Deleted Sent
SaaS / Unusual Activity / Multiple Unusual SaaS Activities
SaaS / Email Nexus / Unusual Login Location Following Link to File Storage
SaaS / Unusual Activity / Multiple Unusual External Sources For SaaS Credential
IaaS / Compliance / Uncommon Azure External User Invite
SaaS / Compliance / M365 External User Added to Group
SaaS / Access / M365 High Risk Level Login
SaaS / Compliance / M365 Security Information Modified
SaaS/ Unusual Activity / Unusual MFA Auth and SaaS Activity
SaaS / Compromise / Unusual Login and Account Update

Cyber AI Analyst Incidents:

Possible Hijack of Office365 Account
Possible Hijack of AzureActiveDirectory Account
Possible Unsecured Office365 Resource

List of Indicators of Compromise (IoCs)

IoC Type Description + Confidence

2607:5500:3000:fea[::]2 - IPv6 - Possible Mamba 2FA relay server

2607:5500:3000:1cab:[:]2 - IPv6 - Possible Mamba 2FA relay server

References

1. https://securityaffairs.com/136953/cyber-crime/caffeine-phishing-platform.html

2. https://any.run/cybersecurity-blog/analysis-of-the-phishing-campaign/

3. https://www.bleepingcomputer.com/news/security/new-mamba-2fa-bypass-service-targets-microsoft-365-accounts/

4. https://cyberinsider.com/microsoft-365-accounts-targeted-by-new-mamba-2fa-aitm-phishing-threat/

5. https://blog.sekoia.io/mamba-2fa-a-new-contender-in-the-aitm-phishing-ecosystem/

MITRE ATT&CK Mapping

Tactic – Technique

DEFENSE EVASION, PERSISTENCE, PRIVILEGE ESCALATION, INITIAL ACCESS - Cloud Accounts

DISCOVERY - Cloud Service Dashboard

RESOURCE DEVELOPMENT - Compromise Accounts

CREDENTIAL ACCESS - Steal Web Session Cookie

PERSISTENCE - Account Manipulation

PERSISTENCE - Outlook Rules

RESOURCE DEVELOPMENT - Email Accounts

INITIAL ACCESS - Phishing

Written by

Patrick Anjos

Senior Cyber Analyst

Inside the SOC

Written by

Patrick Anjos

Senior Cyber Analyst

•

April 4, 2025

Pallavi Singh

Product Marketing Manager, OT Security & Compliance

Director of Product Management, Cado

Watch the NIS2 Webinar

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Email

April 14, 2025

Email bombing exposed: Darktrace’s email defense in action

picture of a computer screen showing a password login

What is email bombing?

An email bomb attack, also known as a "spam bomb," is a cyberattack where a large volume of emails—ranging from as few as 100 to as many as several thousand—are sent to victims within a short period.

How does email bombing work?

Email bombing is a tactic that typically aims to disrupt operations and conceal malicious emails, potentially setting the stage for further social engineering attacks. Parallels can be drawn to the use of Domain Generation Algorithm (DGA) endpoints in Command-and-Control (C2) communications, where an attacker generates new and seemingly random domains in order to mask their malicious connections and evade detection.

In an email bomb attack, threat actors typically sign up their targeted recipients to a large number of email subscription services, flooding their inboxes with indirectly subscribed content [1].

Multiple threat actors have been observed utilizing this tactic, including the Ransomware-as-a-Service (RaaS) group Black Basta, also known as Storm-1811 [1] [2].

Darktrace detection of email bombing attack

In early 2025, Darktrace detected an email bomb attack where malicious actors flooded a customer's inbox while also employing social engineering techniques, specifically voice phishing (vishing). The end goal appeared to be infiltrating the customer's network by exploiting legitimate administrative tools for malicious purposes.

The emails in these attacks often bypass traditional email security tools because they are not technically classified as spam, due to the assumption that the recipient has subscribed to the service. Darktrace / EMAIL's behavioral analysis identified the mass of unusual, albeit not inherently malicious, emails that were sent to this user as part of this email bombing attack.

Email bombing attack overview

In February 2025, Darktrace observed an email bombing attack where a user received over 150 emails from 107 unique domains in under five minutes. Each of these emails bypassed a widely used and reputable Security Email Gateway (SEG) but were detected by Darktrace / EMAIL.

Figure 1: Graph showing the unusual spike in unusual emails observed by Darktrace / EMAIL.

The emails varied in senders, topics, and even languages, with several identified as being in German and Spanish. The most common theme in the subject line of these emails was account registration, indicating that the attacker used the victim’s address to sign up to various newsletters and subscriptions, prompting confirmation emails. Such confirmation emails are generally considered both important and low risk by email filters, meaning most traditional security tools would allow them without hesitation.

Additionally, many of the emails were sent using reputable marketing tools, such as Mailchimp’s Mandrill platform, which was used to send almost half of the observed emails, further adding to their legitimacy.

Figure 2: Darktrace / EMAIL’s detection of an email being sent using the Mandrill platform.

Figure 3: Darktrace / EMAIL’s detection of a large number of unusual emails sent during a short period of time.

While the individual emails detected were typically benign, such as the newsletter from a legitimate UK airport shown in Figure 3, the harmful aspect was the swarm effect caused by receiving many emails within a short period of time.

Traditional security tools, which analyze emails individually, often struggle to identify email bombing incidents. However, Darktrace / EMAIL recognized the unusual volume of new domain communication as suspicious. Had Darktrace / EMAIL been enabled in Autonomous Response mode, it would have automatically held any suspicious emails, preventing them from landing in the recipient’s inbox.

Figure 4: Example of Darktrace / EMAIL’s response to an email bombing attack taken from another customer environment.

Following the initial email bombing, the malicious actor made multiple attempts to engage the recipient in a call using Microsoft Teams, while spoofing the organizations IT department in order to establish a sense of trust and urgency – following the spike in unusual emails the user accepted the Teams call. It was later confirmed by the customer that the attacker had also targeted over 10 additional internal users with email bombing attacks and fake IT calls.

The customer also confirmed that malicious actor successfully convinced the user to divulge their credentials with them using the Microsoft Quick Assist remote management tool. While such remote management tools are typically used for legitimate administrative purposes, malicious actors can exploit them to move laterally between systems or maintain access on target networks. When these tools have been previously observed in the network, attackers may use them to pursue their goals while evading detection, commonly known as Living-off-the-Land (LOTL).

Subsequent investigation by Darktrace’s Security Operations Centre (SOC) revealed that the recipient's device began scanning and performing reconnaissance activities shortly following the Teams call, suggesting that the user inadvertently exposed their credentials, leading to the device's compromise.

Darktrace’s Cyber AI Analyst was able to identify these activities and group them together into one incident, while also highlighting the most important stages of the attack.

Figure 5: Cyber AI Analyst investigation showing the initiation of the reconnaissance/scanning activities.

The first network-level activity observed on this device was unusual LDAP reconnaissance of the wider network environment, seemingly attempting to bind to the local directory services. Following successful authentication, the device began querying the LDAP directory for information about user and root entries. Darktrace then observed the attacker performing network reconnaissance, initiating a scan of the customer’s environment and attempting to connect to other internal devices. Finally, the malicious actor proceeded to make several SMB sessions and NTLM authentication attempts to internal devices, all of which failed.

Figure 6: Device event log in Darktrace / NETWORK, showing the large volume of connections attempts over port 445.

Figure 7: Darktrace / NETWORK’s detection of the number of the login attempts via SMB/NTLM.

While Darktrace’s Autonomous Response capability suggested actions to shut down this suspicious internal connectivity, the deployment was configured in Human Confirmation Mode. This meant any actions required human approval, allowing the activities to continue until the customer’s security team intervened. If Darktrace had been set to respond autonomously, it would have blocked connections to port 445 and enforced a “pattern of life” to prevent the device from deviating from expected activities, thus shutting down the suspicious scanning.

Conclusion

Email bombing attacks can pose a serious threat to individuals and organizations by overwhelming inboxes with emails in an attempt to obfuscate potentially malicious activities, like account takeovers or credential theft. While many traditional gateways struggle to keep pace with the volume of these attacks—analyzing individual emails rather than connecting them and often failing to distinguish between legitimate and malicious activity—Darktrace is able to identify and stop these sophisticated attacks without latency.

Thanks to its Self-Learning AI and Autonomous Response capabilities, Darktrace ensures that even seemingly benign email activity is not lost in the noise.

Credit to Maria Geronikolou (Cyber Analyst and SOC Shift Supervisor) and Cameron Boyd (Cyber Security Analyst), Steven Haworth (Senior Director of Threat Modeling), Ryan Traill (Analyst Content Lead)

Appendices

[1] https://www.microsoft.com/en-us/security/blog/2024/05/15/threat-actors-misusing-quick-assist-in-social-engineering-attacks-leading-to-ransomware/

[2] https://thehackernews.com/2024/12/black-basta-ransomware-evolves-with.html

Darktrace Models Alerts

Internal Reconnaissance

· Device / Suspicious SMB Scanning Activity

· Device / Anonymous NTLM Logins

· Device / Network Scan

· Device / Network Range Scan

· Device / Suspicious Network Scan Activity

· Device / ICMP Address Scan

· Anomalous Connection / Large Volume of LDAP Download

· Device / Suspicious LDAP Search Operation

· Device / Large Number of Model Alerts

About the author

Maria Geronikolou

Cyber Analyst

Blog

Email

April 11, 2025

FedRAMP High-compliant email security protects federal agencies from nation-state attacks

U.S. government building with flag against blue sky

What is FedRAMP High Authority to Operate (ATO)?

Federal Risk and Authorization Management Program (FedRAMP®) High is a government-wide program that promotes the adoption of secure cloud services across the federal government by providing a standardized approach to security and risk assessment for cloud technologies and federal agencies, ensuring the protection of federal information.

Cybersecurity is paramount in the Defense Industrial Base (DIB), where protecting sensitive information and ensuring operational resilience from the most sophisticated adversaries has national security implications. Organizations within the DIB must comply with strict security standards to work with the U.S. federal government, and FedRAMP High is one of those standards.

Darktrace achieves FedRAMP High ATO across IT, OT, and email

Last week, Darktrace Federal shared that we achieved FedRAMP® High ATO, a significant milestone that recognizes our ability to serve federal customers across IT, OT, and email via secure cloud-native deployments.

Achieving the FedRAMP High ATO indicates that Darktrace Federal has achieved the highest standard for cloud security controls and can handle the U.S. federal government’s most sensitive, unclassified data in cloud environments.

Azure Government email security with FedRAMP High ATO

Darktrace has now released Darktrace Commercial Government Cloud High/Email (DCGC High/Email). This applies our email coverage to systems hosted in Microsoft's Azure Government, which adheres to NIST SP 800-53 controls and other federal standards. DCGC High/Email both meets and exceeds the compliance requirements of the Department of Defense’s Cybersecurity Maturity Model Certification (CMMC), providing organizations with a much-needed email security solution that delivers unparalleled, AI-driven protection against sophisticated cyber threats.

In these ways, DCGC High/Email enhances compliance, security, and operational resilience for government and federally-affiliated customers. Notably, it is crucial for securing contractors and suppliers within DIB, helping those organizations implement necessary cybersecurity practices to protect Controlled Unclassified Information (CUI) and Federal Contract Information (FCI).

Adopting DCGC High/Email ensures organizations within the DIB can work with the government without needing to invest extensive time and money into meeting the strict compliance standards.

Building DCGC High/Email to ease DIB work with the government

DCGC High/Email was built to achieve FedRAMP High standards and meet the most rigorous security standards required of our customers. This level of compliance not only allows more organizations than ever to leverage our AI-driven technology, but also ensures that customer data is protected by the highest security measures available.

The DIB has never been more critical to national security, which means they are under constant threats from nation state and cyber criminals. We built DCGC High/Email to FedRAMP High controls to ensure sensitive company and federal government communications are secured at the highest level possible.” – Marcus Fowler, CEO of Darktrace Federal

Evolving threats now necessitate DCGC High/Email

According to Darktrace’s 2025 State of AI Cybersecurity report, more than half (54%) of global government cybersecurity professionals report seeing a significant impact from AI-powered cyber threats.

These aren’t the only types of sophisticated threats. Advanced Persistent Threats (APTs) are launched by nation-states or cyber-criminal groups with the resources to coordinate and achieve long-term objectives.

These attacks are carefully tailored to specific targets, using techniques like social engineering and spear phishing to gain initial access via the inbox. Once inside, attackers move laterally through networks, often remaining undetected for months or even years, silently gathering intelligence or preparing for a decisive strike.

However, the barrier for entry for these threat actors has been lowered immensely, likely related to the observed impact of AI-powered cyber threats. Securing email environments is more important than ever.

Darktrace’s 2025 State of AI Cybersecurity report also found that 89% of government cybersecurity professionals believe AI can help significantly improve their defensive capabilities.

Darktrace's AI-powered defensive tools are uniquely capable of detecting and neutralizing APTs and other sophisticated threats, including ones that enter via the inbox. Our Self-Learning AI continuously adapts to evolving threats, providing real-time protection.

Darktrace builds to secure the DIB to the highest degree

In summary, Darktrace Federal's achievement of FedRAMP High ATO and the introduction of DCGC High/Email mark significant advancements in our ability to protect defense contractors and federal customers against sophisticated threats that other solutions miss.

For a technical review of Darktrace Federal’s Cyber AI Mission Defense™ solution, download an independent evaluation from the Technology Advancement Center here.

[related-resource]

About the author

Marcus Fowler

CEO of Darktrace Federal and SVP of Strategic Engagements and Threats

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Defending AITM Phishing and Mamba Attacks

What are Adversary-in-the-Middle (AiTM) phishing kits?

What is Mamba 2FA?

Phishing Mechanism

Real-Time Communication

Multi-Factor Authentication Bypass

Infrastructure and Distribution

Evasion Techniques

Darktrace’s Coverage of Mamba 2FA

Implications of Unusual Email Rules

Blocking the action

How Darktrace Combats Phishing Threats

Mamba 2FA URL Structure and Domain Names

Conclusion

Get the latest insights on emerging cyber threats

Appendices

List of Indicators of Compromise (IoCs)

References

MITRE ATT&CK Mapping

Darktrace Named as Market Leader in the 2025 Omdia Market Radar for OT Cybersecurity Platforms

Fusing Vulnerability and Threat Data: Enhancing the Depth of Attack Analysis

Enjoying the blog?

More in this series

Email bombing exposed: Darktrace’s email defense in action

FedRAMP High-compliant email security protects federal agencies from nation-state attacks

Global Technology Provider Transforms Email Threat Detection with Darktrace

Blog

Email

April 14, 2025

Email bombing exposed: Darktrace’s email defense in action

What is email bombing?

How does email bombing work?

Darktrace detection of email bombing attack

Email bombing attack overview

Conclusion

Appendices

Darktrace Models Alerts

Internal Reconnaissance

Blog

Email

April 11, 2025

FedRAMP High-compliant email security protects federal agencies from nation-state attacks

What is FedRAMP High Authority to Operate (ATO)?

Darktrace achieves FedRAMP High ATO across IT, OT, and email

Azure Government email security with FedRAMP High ATO

Building DCGC High/Email to ease DIB work with the government

Evolving threats now necessitate DCGC High/Email

Darktrace builds to secure the DIB to the highest degree