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October 26, 2022

Securing Patient Data at Cullman Regional Medical Center

Discover how Cullman Regional Medical Center safeguards patient data with Darktrace AI. Learn how to keep sensitive data protected with the Darktrace experts!
Inside the SOC
Darktrace cyber analysts are world-class experts in threat intelligence, threat hunting and incident response, and provide 24/7 SOC support to thousands of Darktrace customers around the globe. Inside the SOC is exclusively authored by these experts, providing analysis of cyber incidents and threat trends, based on real-world experience in the field.
Written by
Sean Simpson
Executive Director of IT, Cullman Regional Medical Center (Guest Contributor)
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26
Oct 2022

Cullman Regional Medical Center strives to improve the health of our community by providing excellent medical resources. We have over 50 providers offering a wide range of specialized care across our offices in Cullman and Hartselle, Alabama. 

To deliver the best services possible, we rely on technology. Staff members record medical histories in digital files. Guests interact with us through online portals. Medical IoT devices collect patient data. Yet the same digital adoptions that make healthcare more efficient also present vulnerabilities that threat actors can exploit to gain access to our digital systems. 

Another major concern comes from insider threat, whether malicious or accidental. Data security depends on user compliance, which can be hard to enforce and monitor. Even unintentionally, medical professionals can introduce risk simply by bringing personal devices, such as smart phones or watches, into the network.  

In late 2020, the FBI, CISA, and HHS issued a warning after the number of cyber-attacks targeting the healthcare sector reached record highs. The agencies cautioned that cybercriminals could exploit malware like TrickBot to harvest credentials, hijack resources to mine crypto-currencies, exfiltrate data, and deploy ransomware. 

The attacks targeting the healthcare sector have gone up in frequency and complexity. While protecting our digital infrastructure and patient data has become increasingly difficult, it remains vitally important. That’s why we deployed Darktrace.

High stakes healthcare security

The consequences of cyber-attacks in medicine can be devastating. Lost or stolen medical records can damage a hospital’s reputation and cost millions of dollars. According to a Ponemon Institute study, the financial cost of a data breach in the healthcare sector can cost two to three times more than a breach in any other industry.  

Beyond reputational or financial harm, cyber-attacks against hospitals and clinics can be lethal. They can force ambulances to be re-routed, surgeries to be postponed, and treatment options to be scaled back. In 2021, over 45 million patients were impacted by cyber-attacks on healthcare centers, and almost 25% of Health Delivery Organizations found that cyber-attacks increased patient mortality rates.

Darktrace protects our digital infrastructure to avoid these consequences. Its Self-Learning AI learns our organization— from the laptops and servers to the IoT devices to the users themselves— to recognize what constitutes our “pattern of life.” The AI then uses this information to identify the subtle behaviors that indicate a cyber-attack. Once an attack is detected, Autonomous Response reacts with surgical precision to neutralize it without disrupting our normal digital activity.  

Darktrace is always on and can detect and respond to attacks within seconds, providing another layer of security for our hospital and clinics. Darktrace’s approach, based on understanding our organization to create bespoke security, allows the AI to spot threats that slip by traditional security tools, which rely on rules and signatures. In this way, Darktrace can detect insider threats, too.  

Finally, not only does Darktrace protect us by stopping cyber-attacks, but it also serves as a deterrent to threat actors by making us a harder target. 

Protection in action

Darktrace has successfully helped us monitor and protect our digital estate. We have used it to examine suspicious traffic and troubleshoot access related problems. Darktrace’s Cyber AI Analyst investigates attacks and translates its findings into understandable explanations displayed in a single screen.  

Darktrace has proven its value to us on multiple occasions. The same day that one of our clinic managers installed a new file transfer protocol, Darktrace identified traffic going out over an unencrypted port. With its visibility and understanding of our cyber landscape, Darktrace detected this abnormal action and responded at machine-speed. It protected us from exposing personal patient data.

Another time, Darktrace noticed someone on our guest network running a network snooping tool, triggering us to remove their computer from the network. While it was only on our guest network, the threat actor could have been targeting the patients that were using it. Darktrace protected them, helping us live up to our goal of serving our guests with compassion and respect.

Keeping our organization healthy

We do not have a large enough IT staff to constantly monitor all traffic across our digital estate, so Darktrace supplements and augments our team. The AI continuously monitors our cyber landscape and responds to attacks without disrupting our normal digital activities. Moreover, it works at all times of the day, even when I am not online. By handling the maintenance of our security, Darktrace buys my team time to work on other projects. 

The cyber security of our organization is crucial for the safety of our patients and practitioners. Since deploying Darktrace, my team feels reassured that our security posture can handle any attacks that come our way. Darktrace is a valuable tool in our security stack. 

Inside the SOC
Darktrace cyber analysts are world-class experts in threat intelligence, threat hunting and incident response, and provide 24/7 SOC support to thousands of Darktrace customers around the globe. Inside the SOC is exclusively authored by these experts, providing analysis of cyber incidents and threat trends, based on real-world experience in the field.
Written by
Sean Simpson
Executive Director of IT, Cullman Regional Medical Center (Guest Contributor)

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March 2, 2026

What the Darktrace Annual Threat Report 2026 Means for Security Leaders

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The challenge for today’s CISOs

At the broadest level, the defining characteristic of cybersecurity in 2026 is the sheer pace of change shaping the environments we protect. Organizations are operating in ecosystems that are larger, more interconnected, and more automated than ever before – spanning cloud platforms, distributed identities, AI-driven systems, and continuous digital workflows.  

The velocity of this expansion has outstripped the slower, predictable patterns security teams once relied on. What used to be a stable backdrop is now a living, shifting landscape where technology, risk, and business operations evolve simultaneously. From this vantage point, the central challenge for security leaders isn’t reacting to individual threats, but maintaining strategic control and clarity as the entire environment accelerates around them.

Strategic takeaways from the Annual Threat Report

The Darktrace Annual Threat Report 2026 reinforces a reality every CISO feels: the center of gravity isn’t the perimeter, vulnerability management, or malware, but trust abused via identity. For example, our analysis found that nearly 70% of incidents in the Americas region begin with stolen or misused accounts, reflecting the global shift toward identity‑led intrusions.

Mass adoption of AI agents, cloud-native applications, and machine decision-making means CISOs now oversee systems that act on their own. This creates an entirely new responsibility: ensuring those systems remain safe, predictable, and aligned to business intent, even under adversarial pressure.

Attackers increasingly exploit trust boundaries, not firewalls – leveraging cloud entitlements, SaaS identity transitions, supply-chain connectivity, and automation frameworks. The rise of non-human identities intensifies this: credentials, tokens, and agent permissions now form the backbone of operational risk.

Boards are now evaluating CISOs on business continuity, operational recovery, and whether AI systems and cloud workloads can fail safely without cascading or causing catastrophic impact.

In this environment, detection accuracy, autonomous response, and blast radius minimization matter far more than traditional control coverage or policy checklists.

Every organization will face setbacks; resilience is measured by how quickly security teams can rise, respond, and resume momentum. In 2026, success will belong to those that adapt fastest.

Managing business security in the age of AI

CISO accountability in 2026 has expanded far beyond controls and tooling. Whether we asked for it or not, we now own outcomes tied to business resilience, AI trust, cloud assurance, and continuous availability. The role is less about certainty and more about recovering control in an environment that keeps accelerating.

Every major 2026 initiative – AI agents, third-party risk, cloud, or comms protection – connects to a single board-level question: Are we still in control as complexity and automation scale faster than humans?

Attackers are not just getting more sophisticated; they are becoming more automated. AI changes the economics of attack, lowering cost and increasing speed. That asymmetry is what CISOs are being measured against.

CISOs are no longer evaluated on tool coverage, but on the ability to assure outcomes – trust in AI adoption, resilience across cloud and identity, and being able to respond to unknown and unforeseen threats.

Boards are now explicitly asking whether we can defend against AI-driven threats. No one can predict every new behavior – survival depends on detecting malicious deviations from normal fast and responding autonomously.  

Agents introduce decision-making at machine speed. Governance, CI/CD scanning, posture management, red teaming, and runtime detection are no longer differentiators but the baseline.

Cloud security is no longer architectural, it is operational. Identity, control planes, and SaaS exposure now sit firmly with the CISO.

AI-speed threats already reshaping security in 2026

We’re already seeing clear examples of how quickly the threat landscape has shifted in 2026. Darktrace’s work on React2Shell exposed just how unforgiving the new tempo is: a honeypot stood up with an exposed React was hit in under two minutes. There was no recon phase, no gradual probing – just immediate, automated exploitation the moment the code appeared publicly. Exposure now equals compromise unless defenses can detect, interpret, and act at machine speed. Traditional operational rhythms simply don’t map to this reality.

We’re also facing the first wave of AI-authored malware, where LLMs generate code that mutates on demand. This removes the historic friction from the attacker side: no skill barrier, no time cost, no limit on iteration. Malware families can regenerate themselves, shift structure, and evade static controls without a human operator behind the keyboard. This forces CISOs to treat adversarial automation as a core operational risk and ensure that autonomous systems inside the business remain predictable under pressure.

The CVE-2026-1731 BeyondTrust exploitation wave reinforced the same pattern. The gap between disclosure and active, global exploitation compressed into hours. Automated scanning, automated payload deployment, coordinated exploitation campaigns, all spinning up faster than most organizations can push an emergency patch through change control. The vulnerability-to-exploit window has effectively collapsed, making runtime visibility, anomaly detection, and autonomous containment far more consequential than patching speed alone.

These cases aren’t edge scenarios; they represent the emerging norm. Complexity and automation have outpaced human-scale processes, and attackers are weaponizing that asymmetry.  

The real differentiator for CISOs in 2026 is less about knowing everything and more about knowing immediately when something shifts – and having systems that can respond at the same speed.

[related-resource]

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About the author
Mike Beck
Global CISO

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March 2, 2026

CVE-2026-1731: How Darktrace Sees the BeyondTrust Exploitation Wave Unfolding

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Note: Darktrace's Threat Research team is publishing now to help defenders. We will continue updating this blog as our investigations unfold.

Background

On February 6, 2026, the Identity & Access Management solution BeyondTrust announced patches for a vulnerability, CVE-2026-1731, which enables unauthenticated remote code execution using specially crafted requests.  This vulnerability affects BeyondTrust Remote Support (RS) and particular older versions of Privileged Remote Access (PRA) [1].

A Proof of Concept (PoC) exploit for this vulnerability was released publicly on February 10, and open-source intelligence (OSINT) reported exploitation attempts within 24 hours [2].

Previous intrusions against Beyond Trust technology have been cited as being affiliated with nation-state attacks, including a 2024 breach targeting the U.S. Treasury Department. This incident led to subsequent emergency directives from  the Cybersecurity and Infrastructure Security Agency (CISA) and later showed attackers had chained previously unknown vulnerabilities to achieve their goals [3].

Additionally, there appears to be infrastructure overlap with React2Shell mass exploitation previously observed by Darktrace, with command-and-control (C2) domain  avg.domaininfo[.]top seen in potential post-exploitation activity for BeyondTrust, as well as in a React2Shell exploitation case involving possible EtherRAT deployment.

Darktrace Detections

Darktrace’s Threat Research team has identified highly anomalous activity across several customers that may relate to exploitation of BeyondTrust since February 10, 2026. Observed activities include:

Outbound connections and DNS requests for endpoints associated with Out-of-Band Application Security Testing; these services are commonly abused by threat actors for exploit validation.  Associated Darktrace models include:

  • Compromise / Possible Tunnelling to Bin Services

Suspicious executable file downloads. Associated Darktrace models include:

  • Anomalous File / EXE from Rare External Location

Outbound beaconing to rare domains. Associated Darktrace models include:

  • Compromise / Agent Beacon (Medium Period)
  • Compromise / Agent Beacon (Long Period)
  • Compromise / Sustained TCP Beaconing Activity To Rare Endpoint
  • Compromise / Beacon to Young Endpoint
  • Anomalous Server Activity / Rare External from Server
  • Compromise / SSL Beaconing to Rare Destination

Unusual cryptocurrency mining activity. Associated Darktrace models include:

  • Compromise / Monero Mining
  • Compromise / High Priority Crypto Currency Mining

And model alerts for:

  • Compromise / Rare Domain Pointing to Internal IP

IT Defenders: As part of best practices, we highly recommend employing an automated containment solution in your environment. For Darktrace customers, please ensure that Autonomous Response is configured correctly. More guidance regarding this activity and suggested actions can be found in the Darktrace Customer Portal.  

Appendices

Potential indicators of post-exploitation behavior:

·      217.76.57[.]78 – IP address - Likely C2 server

·      hXXp://217.76.57[.]78:8009/index.js - URL -  Likely payload

·      b6a15e1f2f3e1f651a5ad4a18ce39d411d385ac7  - SHA1 - Likely payload

·      195.154.119[.]194 – IP address – Likely C2 server

·      hXXp://195.154.119[.]194/index.js - URL – Likely payload

·      avg.domaininfo[.]top – Hostname – Likely C2 server

·      104.234.174[.]5 – IP address - Possible C2 server

·      35da45aeca4701764eb49185b11ef23432f7162a – SHA1 – Possible payload

·      hXXp://134.122.13[.]34:8979/c - URL – Possible payload

·      134.122.13[.]34 – IP address – Possible C2 server

·      28df16894a6732919c650cc5a3de94e434a81d80 - SHA1 - Possible payload

References:

1.        https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-1731

2.        https://www.securityweek.com/beyondtrust-vulnerability-targeted-by-hackers-within-24-hours-of-poc-release/

3.        https://www.rapid7.com/blog/post/etr-cve-2026-1731-critical-unauthenticated-remote-code-execution-rce-beyondtrust-remote-support-rs-privileged-remote-access-pra/

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About the author
Emma Foulger
Global Threat Research Operations Lead
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